Click on the tabs below to view the contents inside them.

Sorting machines work on technology that is limited to image based scanning, which make them limitedly compatible and useful for sorting notes on fitness & quality, arrangement & orientation and on preset criterions. Image based scanning technology is not foolproof when it comes to detection of Fake Currencies, as their technology does not take into consideration the high intricacies involved into security features, physical and chemical properties of papers, inks, resins, chemical etc used to print the currency notes as also unable to discern the thin margins and  discrepancies between fake & Genuine notes.  Due to this, super quality - most resembling Fake currency notes will not be detected by such sorting machines due to their inherent technical problems and inability to check the notes with deep scanning provisions. Sorting machine throws out large numbers of suspect notes for validity re-verifications on basis of image quality, however most notes are genuine but soiled and there are high chances that Good or Fresh quality most resembling Fake Notes would be accepted by such machines. Thus it mean sorting machines gives several false alarms and is not 100 % foolproof as it has against very high possibility of passing  Most resembling super fake notes as genuine which Results into issuance of such notes at cash counters or at ATM centers.

The need of the hour for Indian Banks is a machine with foolproof 100% detection of Super quality - Most resembling Fake Notes. A machine which can verify not only the images but also can check the chemical and physical properties of papers, inks, resins and other materials used in production of note. The machine should be capable of not allowing any fake note to pass as genuine. It is possible only with the detectors specially developed considering the large number of intricacies concerning to Indian notes.

The verification chamber is embedded with more than 10 kinds of high end sensitive sensors and  more than 5 kinds of Light sources for checking physical & chemical character of Bank note paper, inks and other material used, making  the combination of various sensors and lights as a wholesome sensor system.  Each sensor checks pre decided check points located on the back to back surfaces of the notes under different light sources and reads and memorized the digital data and compared simultaneously with the standard data derived and stored in the Memory Bank during the R & D process.  The sensor system is also deployed to checks the various patterns, designs, intaglio & offset ink print, denominational value, extent of spoilage on the notes, stuck foreign materials, holes, scribbles, soil ness, paper absorbed chemicals etc and due weight age, range, tolerance etc have been provided according to the extent of defects or spoilages usually found on recycled notes which could be in smaller or larger proportion. In case the read data drastically fluctuates to the originally set data it has been regarded as out of the purview of set criterions and accordingly the sensor systems automatically decides the kind of discrepancy is read from the notes under verification. The discrepancy is reflected on display panel with error codes and note is regarded as doubtful on display panel. Some of the error codes also indicate the kind of spoilage on the notes. 

Legally the machine can not certify any note as fake. The adjudication of notes as Fake can be carried out only by the appropriate Governmental authorities. Machine just offers the indication of existence of abnormality, defects and spoilages detected on the notes for justifying rejection at first instant of checking. However for immediate determination of true validity the machine offers the facility of re verification of rejected notes to zero down the true validity of rejected notes as truly genuine or truly fake.

The machine invariably should reject truly fake notes in all case and in no case should pass the same as genuine. It should reject the notes, irrespective of its true validity, in case any serious discrepancy on the note is sensed which do not commensurate with security feature of valid notes due to any external or internal reasons of whatsoever, it should get rejected at first instant, even if the note is found genuine latter on though re-verification by machine or any other methods.

Yes, on re insertion of such doubtful note again, the machine automatically shifts the check points of the re inserted note and re verifies new sets of the shifted check points of the same rejected note for fresh judgment. It is done to do away with the scanning on defective areas of notes causing rejection in first attempt and alternatively scanning probable non defective area of the same notes in next attempt. If the note is passed it can be well taken as genuine though rejected first time.

In case the rejected doubtful, defective and spoiled note continuously gets rejected during its frequent insertion in the machine for re verification, it could be safely taken as a Fake note and if the machine passes such note it could be taken as defective but genuine.

The detector is supposed to check large number of highly complicated and important security features embedded in the currency notes for accurate verification. The speed has to be optimum and commensurate to the nature of sensors, light, sensor systems & various security features. The design of note transportation mechanism, precise location of sensors, locations of security features on the notes etc has to be aligned without wobbling of notes during transportation and checking to obtain the equilibrium & precision amongst mentioned factors. The high speed of operation invariable skips verification of important features resulting into wrong validation. Speed kills the accuracy of validation. The ideal machine for accurate validation needs provisions of complete synchronization of various factors.

The counting and sorting machines are fundamentally designed for different functions than that of validity verification and are not Accurate Genuine Detectors but are Built up Detectors.  The validity functions in these kinds of machines are just supplemented without ensuring accuracy of the validation. These machines have inherent problems of giving frequent large number of false alarms on genuine notes and passing fake notes as genuine as also frequent jamming problems thanks to very high speed. They do not display the reasons of rejection as they do not pipe into the high technicality of security features of the valid notes. It is technically impossible to perfectly check large numbers of complicated security features in less than 0.04 seconds and that to in absence of high end sensor technology required for validity verifications of highly complicated notes.
In fact, Paradigm detector amongst the other Accurate Genuine Detectors only possesses the facility of taking 100 notes at a time at hopper and automatically feeding the notes one by one and offering the accurate validation operation at the highest speed of 50 seconds for 100 Notes. However the other Accurate  Genuine Detectors are having limitation of  taking  only one manually inserted note at a time requiring manual feeding of notes one by one every time. Most of these detectors take slightly less than one second per notes while as Paradigm detector takes half second per notes.
Accurate Genuine Detectors available in the international market are specially designed for one or couple of currency types which carry far superior security machine readable features than the security features on Indian Currency Notes. Such Accurate Genuine Detectors taking single note at a time still are not designed for detection of FICNs as sorters & counting machines are generously used as Fake Note Detectors.

It is maintenance free machines, just required cleaning of dust on the sensors flown from the notes similar to cleaning of glasses of spectacles.

The threat of fake notes is persists most prominently on higher denominations of Rs 1000 & 500 and has been subdued progressively & drastically in notes of Rs 100 and the threat do not exist in other smaller denominations as it is uneconomical & high risk carrying for those illegally indulged into fake note circulation. It is understood that higher denominational notes of Rs 500 & 1000, in circulation constitutes approximately 30% in terms of value & Volume. The risk of fake notes even if calculated at alternate 0.10%, 0.05%, 0.225% of valid notes in circulation, one, with a suitable reconciliation can easily work out the  estimates of losses, benefits and support of machine in compliance of statutory provisions.

No. PCS machine can continuously work for accurate results for long hours handling heavy duty work load.  It is grossly erroneous to conclude the capacity of carrying work load on the basis of size of any equipment.

No. Just a few seconds required to open the lid of the verification chamber, to remove the jammed notes and to close the lid with the click sound.

Yes, More than 10,000 machines for detection of US Dollars, Euro, Sterling pounds, Japanese Yen, South Korean Won etc have sold by the Japanese manufacturers and have been reported to have been working satisfactorily.

99999999

Yes. Provisions have been made to add up the technical data of new designs of notes with the pre-stored data of previous designs so that the new designs of notes can also be verified.